Matherboard

The motherboard is the central printed circuit board (PCB) in a modern computer and holds many important components of the system, while providing a connector for other peripherals. This motherboard is sometimes known as alternative main board, system board, or, on Apple computers, the logic board. It is also sometimes casually abbreviated to mobo
History
 Before the emergence of microprocessors, the computer was usually built in the card-cage case or mainframe with components connected by a backplane consisting of a set of slots themselves connected by cables, in a very old design that discrete card connector cable connection between the pins, but printed circuit board immediately become standard practice. Central Processing Unit (CPU), memory and peripherals are placed on a printed circuit board attached to a backplane.During the late 1980s and the 1990s, became economical to move an increasing number of round function for the motherboard (see below). In the late 1980's, motherboards began to include single ICs (called Super I / O chips) capable of supporting a set of low-speed peripherals: keyboard, mouse, floppy disk drives, serial ports and parallel ports. In the late 1990s, many personal computer motherboards supported a number of audio, video, storage, and networking functions without the need for any expansion cards at all, the higher-end graphics for 3D games and computers are usually fixed only in a separate graphics card .Early pioneer Michronics motherboard manufacturing, Mylex, AMI, DTK, Hauppauge, Orchid Technology, Elitegroup, DFI, and a number of manufacturers from Taiwan.The most popular computers like the Apple II and IBM PC has been published schematic diagrams and other documentation which permitted rapid reverse-engineering and third-party motherboard replacement. Usually intended to build a new computer compatible with the exemplars, motherboards offered additional performance or other features and used to upgrade the original equipment manufacturer.The term mainboard is archaically applied to the device with one board and no additional expansion or ability. In modern terms this would include embedded systems and control boards in televisions, washing machines, etc. The motherboard specifically refers to a printed circuit with the ability to add / extend performance.

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motherboard, such as the backplane, providing electrical connections with other components of the system communicate, but unlike the backplane, it also connects the host central processing unit and other subsystems and devices.Typical desktop computer has a microprocessor, main memory, and other important components that connect to the motherboard. Other components such as external storage, controllers for video display and sound, and peripheral devices can be attached to the motherboard as a plug-in card or via cable, although in modern computers, is increasingly common to integrate several peripherals to the motherboard itself.An important component of the motherboard is the chipset that supports microprocessor, which provides a support interface between the CPU and the various bus and external components. This chipset specify, for extensive, features and capabilities of the motherboard.modern motherboards include, at a minimum:

    * Sockets (or slots) in which one or more microprocessors may be installed [3]
    * a slot where the main memory system will be installed (usually in the form of DIMM modules containing DRAM chips)
    * Chipset that form an interface between the front-side bus CPU, main memory and peripheral bus
    * Non-volatile memory chips (usually Flash ROM in modern motherboards) containing the system firmware or BIOS
    * Clock generator which produces the system clock signal to synchronize the various components
    * Slot for expansion cards (these interface to the system via a bus powered by a chipset)
    * Power connector, which receives electrical power from the power supply of computers and distribute them to the CPU, chipset, main memory, and expansion cards. [4]The Octek Jaguar V motherboard from 1993 [5]. This Council has 6 ISA slots but few onboard peripherals, as evidenced by the lack of external connectors.In addition, nearly all motherboards include logic and connectors to support commonly used input devices, such as PS / 2 connectors for mouse and keyboard. Early personal computers like the Apple II or IBM PC included only minimal support this device on the motherboard. Occasionally video interface hardware was also integrated into the motherboard, for example, the Apple II and rarely on IBM-compatible computers like the IBM PC Jr. Additional peripherals such as disk controllers and serial ports are provided as expansion cards.Given the high thermal design power of high-speed computer CPUs and components, modern motherboards almost always include a heat sink and mounting for the fan to expel excess heat.